It is frequently argued

It is frequently argued that the refrigerants used in heat pumps today are safe and that their impact on the environment during the equipment life cycle is negligible. That may be true and significant as well, but the fact remains that a much better job can be done. There is significant scope for improved performance and initial cost reduction. Both will lead to a better environment and decreased energy consumption.
Worldwide, approximately 100 million heat pumps are now installed. Their total annual thermal output is around 1,300 TWh. This represents an annual equivalent CO2 emission reduction of 0.13 Gt (0.6%), against the backdrop of an annual global emission of CO2 of more than 22 Gt. However, the current reduction potential of heat pumps is 6% of global CO2 emission, and improved technology could increase this to 16% in future

The International Institute

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has announced that Dr. William Phillips of NIST, winner of the Nobel Prize for his work in low temperature physics, will speak at its 21st International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2003) to be held in Washington D.C. August 17 to 22, 2003. The congress, which is held every four years, was last held in the U.S. in 1971. Recent congresses were held in Vienna (1987), Montreal (1991), The Hague (1995), and Sydney (1999). Under the 21st congress theme “Serving the needs of mankind”, special attention will be devoted to issues such as global warming, food quality and safety, preservation of human tissues, research on low temperature material properties for energy efficiency, building energy management, indoor environmental control, and development of safe and effective working fluids. The program will be of interest to researchers, educators, government officials, and equipment designers, manufacturers, installers, users, and consultants. The conference will consist of prestigious plenary and keynote speakers, technical sessions for both industry and researchers, poster sessions, short courses with a professional educational focus, tours of research laboratories and industrial sites, and a cultural, social, and sightseeing program for attendees and accompanying persons. A “Call for papers” was issued in May 2002 with a request for abstracts of approximately 250 words to be submitted no later than October11, 2002. For detailed information about abstract and paper preparation, content and format requirements and assessment for publication and presentation, please visit the conference website (see below). The conference venue is the Marriott Wardman Park hotel in Washington D.C., where attendees will discover a perfect balance of landmark charm and modern sophistication in an historic setting.

Payments. TVA will pay MVP

Payments.  TVA will pay MVP by Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) or a mutually agreed upon alternative arrangement.  Payments will be based on heat pump installations successfully entered in the energy right Program data base, which have not been previously paid. • Amount of MVP—The distributor will be paid for heat pumps meeting all requirements in the energy right Program agreement according to the current payment plan (Schedule HP). MVP is based on efficiency. • Adjustment of Payment Rates—When the payment rate is adjusted, the distributor will be informed of the adjustment and its effective date. After the effective date of any adjustment in the payment rate, the distributor will have three months  to inspect and qualify any installations committed to prior to the effective date of the adjustment as evidenced by documentation confirming the date of that commitment. Payment Procedures.  Distributors apply for payment by submitting a Work Completion Form to TVA’s database.  Documentation. The distributor shall maintain files containing information for each participant in the energy right Heat Pump Plan.  At a minimum, distributor records shall include the following: • A completed Work Completion/ Form indicating the size, type, etc., of each heat pump. • A Quality Contractor Network (QCN) member invoice providing the brand, type unit, rated capacity, and serial and model numbers of the equipment installed.
Financing
If a distributor has selected financing for the Heat Pump Plan, see Article X for requirements and procedures. Financing is limited to heat pump equipment and accessories and associated weatherization as listed in the Financing Section of the Reference Materials for existing dwellings only.  At this time, there is no financing for the business application.

member is responsible

The QCN member is responsible for meeting all applicable codes pertaining to the location of boreholes and trenches. ⇒ Pipes for headers and manifolds pipes shall be at least 2 feet below the ground surface. ⇒ Pond loop installations that meet the requirements of the heat pump manufacturer are acceptable. − Horizontal Earth Coils (Excluding Header and Slinky Framework) ⇒ The average depth of any horizontal coil circuit shall be a minimum of 4 feet below the ground surface. ⇒ The average separation between earth coil trenches shall be at least 5 feet. ⇒ All entrenched piping shall be thoroughly backfilled to ensure complete soil contact with the pipe. Trenching residue consisting of a fine, granular material is suitable for backfilling. However, if large clumps of soil or rock are present, the piping must be surrounded with 4 inches of fine soil or equal. The unsuitable trench residue can then be used to fill the remainder of the trench. − Vertical Earth Coils (Excluding Headers) ⇒ Vertical boreholes shall be drilled and backfilled with grout as specified in the "Grouting Procedures for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems" by Oklahoma State University. ⇒ Vertical boreholes shall be separated at least 10 feet if bores are in a single row. For boreholes in a grid pattern, a minimum center spacing of 20 feet is required. − Piping Material and Fusing ⇒ Only polybutylene or high-density polyethylene pipe, as specified by the heat pump manufacturer, shall be used for earth coupled heat pump earth coils

Check system cooling capacity

Check system cooling capacity as follows: − Allow system to operate for at least 15 minutes − Measure water pressure drop between water-in and water-out test plugs at heat pump. (Use same instrument to measure both to reduce error). − Measure entering water temperature at water-in test plug. − Using manufacturer's performance data, determine the water flow rate (gallons per minute) and the cooling capacity of the installation using the measured pressure drop and the measured entering water temperature. − Determine cooling capacity by using the following formula:  Btuh = (h2 - h1) x 4.5 x CFM  h1 = heat content of air from Enthalpy Table corresponding to supply air wet bulb temperature.
h2 = heat content of air from Enthalpy Table corresponding to return air wet bulb temperature.
At supply air outlet and inlet indoors record wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures.  
4.5 = air properties constant
CFM = Cubic feet per minute air calculated, from funnel, temperature rise, or return air method  
(From Enthalpy Table record heat content values that correspond to supply and return air wet bulb temperatures, h1 and h2, respectively)
− Verify that system capacity is + 10 percent of the equipment manufacturer's rating at the test conditions.
Direct Exchange Ground Source Heat Pump Inspection Procedures
Inspector shall verify the direct exchange ground source heat pump (DXGS) and duct system(s) adhere to installation standards. (See Installation Standards for certain sections that do not apply.) In addition, inspector shall do the following: • Verify the distances between the compressor and the ground coil and compressor to air handling blower unit as required by DXGS manufacturer.  Both vertical height and total line distance shall be within limits as specified by manufacturer.  Insure all linesets, both vapor and liquid, are insulated with rubatex, or similar insulation non-corrosive to copper. • Determine system heating capacity.  System inspection should never be conducted within 48 hours of completion of soaker hose operation, and should not be conducted within one week of completio

After the vapor

After the vapor barrier is in place and all openings lapped or taped (small tears may be repaired by taping over them with a quality duct tape), bricks, other small masonry pieces, or an equivalent material shall be used to prevent movement of the barrier. Other methods used to prevent movement of the barrier shall be submitted to TVA for approval on a case-by-case basis. Ground cover shall be used in conjunction with ventilation, not in place of it.  − In extremely damp underfloor areas where there is concern over the possibility of drying out the residence too rapidly, the vapor barrier should be installed initially to cover approximately 50 percent of the ground surface, with enough material folded back for eventual 80-percent coverage. • Vents—After determining the correct number of vents required for the particular underfloor area, vents shall be evenly distributed around the foundation to provide the best air flow over the greatest area. When only four vents are required or possible, two vents should be located on the prevailing wind side of the house and the other two on the opposite side. As with attic vents, foundation vents should remain open in winter as well as in summer to provide the necessary ventilation. However, during freezing conditions, it is advisable to temporarily close vents located next to water pipes in order to lessen the chances of water in the pipes freezing. − Vent openings shall be located as close to building corners as is practical and should provide cross-ventilation through at least two opposing foundation walls. Adequate cross-ventilation shall be provided whenever possible for all separate areas within a partitioned crawl space.  − Vent locations for proper cross-ventilation of crawl space areas shall be defined according to the “polygon method.” − First, the crawl space is sketched with the location of all existing and/or proposed vent openings shown. The vent opening locations are then connected with straight lines (which do not cross each other) to form a polygon (i.e., a multi-sided figure, such as a triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, etc.). If the crawl space is partitioned, a polygon is drawn for each separate crawl space area. − If the area of the resulting polygon covers 70 percent, or more, of the crawl space area to be ventilated, then the distribution of the ventilators is adequate.  − If the area of the resulting polygon does not cover 70 percent of the crawl space area, then additional vent openings or relocation of proposed vent openings shall be required to allow a similarly drawn polygon to indicate an adequate distribution of ventilators.  − All other possible steps (such as making access doors into screened vents, enlarging existing foundation vents by removing wooden screen frames, etc.) should be taken to increase total existing net free area instead of adding more openings in foundation walls

Free-Delivery Split Heat Pump

Free-Delivery Split Heat Pump (FDSHP), Packaged Terminal Heat Pump (PTHP), Self Contained Through-The-Wall Heat Pump (SCTTWHP), and Window Heat Pump (WHP) Inspection Procedures Inspect FDSHP, PTHP, SCTTWHP, and WHP equipment and duct system(s) for adherence to Standards. The preceding inspection procedures shall apply to all FDSHP, PTHP, SCTTWHP, and WHP systems except as follows:
1) See Standards for certain sections that do not apply.
2) Air flow shall be as recommended by the manufacturer. (Major)
3) Check to see if integral auxiliary electric heat is provided by the manufacturer within the unit cabinet or fan coil section as part of the heat pump. (Major)
4) Verify that any integral auxiliary heaters are controlled by the heat pump's indoor thermostat. (Major)
5) Verify that installing Quality Heat Pump Contractor has met manufacturer's instructions for the complete installation of the system, including any recommended parts and accessories and any necessary wall/window case. (Major)
6) Inspect the joint around the unit's case (between the case and wall or window) to assure weathertight seal with caulk, seals, or gaskets, as provided by the manufacturer. (Major)

These minimum

These minimum weatherization measures shall be installed before the final inspection of the heat pump system. Installation of customer optional storm windows and floor insulation, installed in conjunction with the heat pump, must also be completed prior to the system inspection. All new weatherization measures installed must be in accordance with Reference Materials. Market Value Payments (MVP) Description. A distributor may receive an MVP which is described in the TVA Schedule Heat Pump (Section 7.7- Schedule HP). The MVP may be passed along to third parties—or may be used in another manner at the distributors’ discretion as noted in the Program Implementation Plan. The distributor may receive one MVP per dwelling/business per year. The Distributor receives the MVP based on the efficiency of the heat pump installed by a customer, provided the following conditions are met: Section 2A 01/16/2007 2 • The distributor has selected to participate in the Heat Pump Plan as described in Article III, Program Plans • The heat pump is installed in a dwelling or qualifying business. • The installation has been shown by an inspection to meet program standards.

Operation Summer

Operation Summer cycle In summer operation, the 4-way valve is activated. The circuit followed by the refrigerant is shown in the relevant diagram. Winter cycle In the winter cycle, the discharge gas goes to the indoor coil, which acts as the condenser. The outdoor coil becomes the evaporator. The 4-way valve is not activated. The circuit followed by the refrigerant is shown in the relevant diagram. Operating sequences (See relevant wiring diagrams) Summer cycle: Thermostat in COOL position 1) The 4-way valve is activated through the thermostat, permitting the refrigerant to circulate in the summer circuit. 2) If the fan operating mode in the ambient thermostat is in FAN ON, the contactor is activated and the fan functions continuously. 3) With the logic module timing, the unit will start up after 5 minutes. 4) When the thermostat contact connects, the contactor is activated and the compressor starts up. If the fan operating mode is in the normal position, the contactor is activated through the thermostat's cooling circuit and the fan starts up. 5) The unit will function intermittently in response to the